Dengue fever frequently asked questions faq general. Dengue fever and dengue haemorrhagic fever have the ability to cause serious public health impact, to spread rapidly across borders and to threaten national, regional and global. The three laboratorydiagnosed dengue cases presented with fever of. Dengue fever is common in tropical areas, so take extra precautions if you travel somewhere with this type of climate. First dengue vaccine approved by who after twenty years of clinical studies.
Central american health officials mobilize to help people affected by floods and landslides 20111020. This disease occurs primarily in the equatorial regions of africa, the americas, south east asia, and the western pacific. Dengue fever is a disease caused by a family of viruses transmitted by infected mosquitoes. Confirmatory tests include viral antigen or nucleic acid detection and serology. The who regional office for southeast asia publish dengue. Dengue is related to zika virus, yellow fever, west nile virus, and japanese encephalitis.
Jan 01, 2000 dengue disease is a tropical and subtropical mosquitoborne viral illness and is a major health concern in the philippines. Aug 18, 2016 infection with any one of the four dengue virus serotypes can cause disease that ranges from a mild febrile illness through to haemorrhagic fever and shock. It is a viral infection where a human acts as the reservoir while the disease is transmitted by mosquitoes. Pdf dengue fever, also known as breakbone fever, is a mosquitoborne infectious tropical disease caused by the dengue virus. Dengue fever df is the fastest emerging arboviral infection spread by aedes aegypti mosquitoes with major public health consequences for millions of people around the world, and in particular the southeast asia and asiapacific regions of the world health organization who. Dengue is a vectorborne viral infection and a globally important public health problem. Dengue fever is a mosquitoborne tropical disease caused by the dengue virus. It can also become dengue shock syndrome, which causes massive bleeding and shock. Dengue fever is a mosquitoborne infection that causes severe flulike symptoms and can be fatal.
How does your doctor or other healthcare provider determine if. During 2010, member countries in the southeast asia region reported 293 868. Dengue is a febrile illness caused by a flavivirus transmitted by aedes aegypti or aedes albopictus mosquitoes while taking a blood meal. Department of health and human services centers for. In dengue endemic regions, suspected, probable, and confirmed cases of dengue infection should be reported to relevant authorities as soon as possible so that appropriate measures can be instituted to prevent dengue transmission. Evaluation of the who classification of dengue disease. Dengue fever is the most commonly transmitted arboviral disease in the world, affecting an estimated 2. Dengue fever, also known as breakbone fever, is a mosquitoborne infectious tropical disease caused by the dengue virus. They are rna viruses that belong to the flavivirus genusflaviviridae family, which also includes the yellow fever virus, west nile virus, japanese encephalitis virus, zika virus, and the st louis encephalitis virus.
Dengue fever causes high fever, rash, and muscle and joint pain, bleeding, and hypotension related journals of dengue fever. Differentiation between classic dengue fever df and dengue haemorrhagic fever dhf or severe dengue is a key aspect of dengue case classification. Infection with any one of the four dengue virus serotypes can cause disease that ranges from a mild febrile illness through to haemorrhagic fever and. Between december 2011 and december 2012, three dengue cases were identified among 812 febrile patients in abidjan. Epidemiology of dengue disease in the philippines 2000. A more lethal complication, dengue hemorrhagic fever dhf, was first recognized during. Health experts have known about dengue fever for more than 200 years.
Clinical findings include nausea, vomiting, rash, aches and pains, a positive tourniquet test, leukopenia, and the following. However, if you are infected subsequently with a different serotype, immunity wanes over time which increases the risk of developing dengue hemorrhagic fever. Dengue fever frequently asked questions faq general questions. Since the last major pandemic in 1998, epidemics have recurred in much of the area. We estimated the burden of dengue and severe dengue in colombia for the period 2011 to 2014 on the basis of a dynamic model calibrated against colombian surveillance data.
Dengue disease varies from mild fever to severe conditions of dengue hemorrhagic fever and shock syndrome. Dengue chapter 4 2020 yellow book travelers health. Severe dengue, including dengue hemorrhagic fever or dengue shock syndrome, is characterized by severe abdominal pain, persistent vomiting, rapid breathing, bleeding gums, fatigue, restlessness, and blood in vomit, and may be fatal due to plasma leakage, fluid accumulation, respiratory distress, severe bleeding, or organ impairment. February 2011 to discuss the latest dengue research, identify research gaps and priorities and. Action urged to mitigate the health effects of climate change 2011. How does your doctor or other healthcare provider determine if you have contracted dengue fever. The pdf version will be available on the who searo website. Dengue guidelines who 2011 free download as pdf file. Dengue fever is a mosquitoborne disease spread by aedes aegypti mosquito. Dengue fever symptoms, diagnosis and treatment bmj best. Dengue fever df is common mosquito born disease caused by dengue virus 1. We sought to characterize and describe the response to these outbreaks from the perspectives of public health and vector control officials. Dengue fever is an infectious disease carried by mosquitoes and caused by any of four related dengue viruses.
Dengue fever treatment algorithm bmj best practice. Symptoms typically begin three to fourteen days after infection. During 2010, member countries in the southeast asia region reported 293 868 cases with 1896 deaths casefatality rate cfr 0. The disease is often diagnosed incorrectly because the symptoms are similar to influenza and other viruses. Pdf on sep 1, 2011, muhammad zaman khan assir and others published guidelines for clinical case management of dengue fever. It is caused by any of the 4 serotypes of dengue virus and is transmitted within humans through female aedes mosquitoes. Recurring outbreaks of dengue feverdfdhf have been reported from various states.
Dengue disease is a tropical and subtropical mosquitoborne viral illness and is a major health concern in the philippines. Since the second edition of dengue haemorrhagic fever. Dengue hemorrhagic fever and dengue shock syndrome some patients with dengue fever go on to develop dengue hemorrhagic fever dhf, a severe and sometimes fatal form of the disease. Puerto rico presents pilot project for the prevention and control of dengue 20111123. Pakistan has experienced a number of dengue fever outbreaks since 1992 and becoming most rapidly spreading mosquito born viral disease now a day. Transmission from human to human is predominantly by the mosquito aedes aegypti, which bites in the daytime, is adapted to human habitats and has a preference for human blood meals. The pan american health organization is warning against a deadly spike in dengue fever in latin america and the caribbean, and is calling on communities to.
Dengue and dengue haemorrhagic fever world health organization. Dengue and its severe forms, namely, dengue haemorrhagic fever. Dengue fever treatment with carica papaya leaves extracts. Dengue fever and dengue hemorrhagic fever dhf are increasingly recognized as major public health problems in over 100 countries in the tropics and subtropics.
In the united states, most dengue infections have been limited to travelers returning from dengue endemic regions. Dengue virus infection causes a wide range of clinical manifestations. World health organization, regional office for southeast asia. The emergence of dengue with an atypical involvement of. Dengue pronounced as dengee dengue fever is a highly debilitating mosquitoborne disease mostly seen in tropical countries. Despite the efforts of the government of pakistan, especially in punjab, the high cost of prevention has limited the ability of pakistan to control epidemics. Endemic in more than 120 countries, particularly the southeast asian and western pacific regions, the caribbe. Epidemiology of dengue disease in the philippines 20002011. Severe dengue fever is characterized by marked thrombocytopenia, severe hemorrhage, plasma leakage leading to shock or fluid accumulation with respiratory distress, and severe organ impairment. This may include a high fever, headache, vomiting, muscle and joint pains, and a characteristic skin rash. The dengue fever virus seems the sacriest to me especially since i read about rash of outbreaks.
Burden of disease and economic impact of dengue and severe. In pakistan, in the summer of 2011, more than 300 people died of dengue fever. Dengue hemorrhagic fever is a rare but more severe form of dengue infection that can be fatal if not recognized and treated with supportive care. Denguehow best to classify it clinical infectious diseases. Comprehensive guideline for prevention and control of.
Dengue fever is common in tropical areas, so take extra precautions if you travel somewhere with this type of. Dengue feverdengue haemorrhagic fever continued its accelerated pace in the countries of the southeast asia and the western pacific regions of the world health organization who. Dengue fever is caused by dengue virus of genus falvivirus. Management of dengue fever in an outbreak situation. Since 2001, three autochthonous dengue fever outbreaks have occurred in the united states. Infection by any of the four dengue serotypes may be asymptomatic or lead to classic dengue fever df or more severe forms of the disease, haemorrhagic fever. There are four dengue virus denv types denv1, denv2, denv3, and denv4, all of which are capable of inducing severe disease dengue hemorrhagic fever dhfdengue shock syndrome dss. Guidelines for diagnosis, treatment, prevention and control. Dengue infection is caused by 4 antigenically distinct dengue virus serotypes. Dengue has emerged as a major public health problem worldwide. Since the 1970s, clinical dengue has been classified according to the world health organization guideline as. This exposure yields an annual incidence of 100 million cases of dengue, which translates into 250,000 cases of hemorrhagic fever. Approximately 50 million people are infected annually, with 25 000 deaths. Dengue and dhf are viral diseases transmitted by mosquitoes in tropical and subtropical regions of the world.
Dengue is a selflimited, systemic viral infection transmitted between humans by mosquitoes. The presence of fever, rash, and headache the dengue triad is characteristic of dengue fever. Nov 02, 2018 dengue fever is a mosquitoborne infection that causes severe flulike symptoms and can be fatal. Around the time the fever begins to subside usually 37 days after symptom onset, the patient may develop warning signs of severe disease. Dengue fever is an important infectious disease in pakistan with increasingly frequent epidemics. Dengue fever is a virus transmitted to humans through bites from the aedes mosquito, a daybiting mosquito. In present study prevalence of dengue fever recorded from november, 2011 to may, 2012. Dengue revised 3262011 dengue is a mosquitoborne infection which in recent years has become a major international public health concern. Comprehensive guidelines for prevention and control of dengue and dengue haemorrhagic fever vii dengue fever is the fastest emerging arboviral infection spread by aedes mosquitoes with major public health consequences in over 100 tropical and subtropical countries in southeast asia, the western pacific and south and central america. Dengue fever symptoms, causes, contagious, rash, prevention.
Dengue fever symptoms, diagnosis and treatment bmj. Dengue is a mosquitoborne viral disease, endemic to tropical regions. Lessons learned during dengue outbreaks in the united. Dengue revised 326 2011 dengue is a mosquitoborne infection which in recent years has become a major international public health concern. Once you are infected with one of the dengue viruses, you will develop immunity to that. Rapidly developing severe thrombocytopenia, decreased total wbc and neutrophils, changing neutrophiltolymphocyte ratio, and elevated hematocrit i. Results showed that total 11,283 dengue cases were reported in. There is no treatment for dengue fever, and about 40 percent of the worlds population is at risk. Dengue chapter 4 2020 yellow book travelers health cdc. Dengue fever is the fastest emerging arboviral infection spread by aedes mosquitoes with major public health consequences in over 100 tropical and subtropical countries in. Dengue fever is a disease spread by the aedes aegypti mosquito and is caused by one of four dengue viruses. Im thinking of taking a trip to india, and im reading about all the potential tropical diseases. Dengue fever is a disease caused by a family of viruses transmitted by aedes mosquitoes symptoms of dengue fever include severe joint and muscle pain, swollen lymph nodes, headache, fever, exhaustion, and rash. Lessons learned during dengue outbreaks in the united states.
Oct 02, 2014 dengue fever, also known as breakbone fever, is a mosquitoborne infectious tropical disease caused by the dengue virus. The geographic expansion of dengue and its increased incidence in older age groups have contributed to the limited applicability of the 1997 case definitions. Two of the cases also presented with arthralgia, retroorbital pain and abdominal symptoms. Treatment recommended for all patients in selected patient group. Disease burden of dengue fever and dengue haemorrhagic fever 3. Evaluation of the who classification of dengue disease severity. Dengue and its severe forms, namely, dengue haemorrhagic fever dhf and dengue shock syndrome dss, caused by four serotypes of dengue virus denv, have become a major public health concern that is straining the health systems of both developing and developed countries. Dengue is a mosquitoborne flavivirus found in tropical and subtropical regions of the world, mostly in urban and semiurban settings. According to the who criteria, dengue fever df, dengue hemorrhagic fever dhf, and dengue shock syndrome dss were observed in 30.
Mortality from severe dengue is low, but the economic and resource burden on health services remains substantial in endemic settings. Dengue fever outbreak hits latin america and caribbean region. Since the 1970s, clinical dengue has been classified according to the world health organization guideline as dengue fever and dengue hemorrhagic fever. Symptoms include a high fever, headaches, joint and muscle pain, vomiting, and a rash. Unfortunately, progress towards development of effective therapeutics has been slow, despite notable advances in the understanding of disease pathogenesis and considerable investment in antiviral drug discovery. Dengue fever dengue haemorrhagic fever continued its accelerated pace in the countries of the southeast asia and the western pacific regions of the world health organization who.
The model estimated the annual number of dengue and severe dengue cases for those receiving medical care and. Comprehensive guideline for prevention and control of dengue. Dengue virus is prevalent throughout the tropics and subtropics. If you are infected with the same dengue virus serotype you become immune to future infections. In some cases, dengue turns into dengue hemorrhagic fever, which causes bleeding from your nose, gums, or under your skin. It is the fastest spreading vectorborne viral disease and is now endemic in over 100 countries, resulting in 40% of the worlds population living in an area at risk for dengue. In november 2009, the world health organization who issued a new guideline that classifies symptomatic cases as dengue or severe dengue. As the outbreaks of dengue fever increasing in india, one state after other getting affected, it is very essential to know more about this disease and prevalence, any change in the viral strain. There are four dengue virus denv types denv1, denv2, denv3, and denv4, all of which are capable of inducing severe disease dengue hemorrhagic fever dhf dengue shock syndrome dss. Cases of dengue and dhf are confirmed every year in travelers returning to the united. Dengue outbreaks in india and the eastern mediterranean region have progressively increased, with recent reports of cases in pakistan, saudi arabia, sudan, yemen, and madagascar. It is caused by the 4 serotype of dengue virus and is transmitted with in human through female aedes mosquito. Dengue is a highly endemic infectious disease of the tropical countries and is rapidly becoming a global burden. Dengue is found in tropical regions around the world, predominately in urban and periurban areas.